In this paper, author deals with Heidegger's account of the modern age as the epoch based on Western metaphysics. In the first part of the paper, he shows that, according to Heidegger, modern interpretation of the reality as the world picture, is essentially determined by Descartes' philosophy. Then, author exposes Heidegger's interpretation of the turn which already took place in Plato's metaphysics and which made possible Descartes' metaphysics and modern epoch. In the second part of the paper, author explores Heidegger's (...) interpretation of science and technology as shoots of very metaphysics. Heidegger emphasizes that the essence of technology corresponds to the essence of subjectivity and shows how the metaphysics of subjectivity subsequently finds its end in Nietzsche's metaphysics of the will to power, as the last word of Western philosophy. In the concluding part, author argues that the contemporary processes of globalization can be just understood as processes of completion of metaphysics. They can be identified as a global rule of the essence of technology. On the basis of Heidegger's vision of overcoming metaphysics, author concludes that it opens the possibility of a philosophy of finitude which points to dialogue with the Other as a way of resolving the key practical issues of the contemporary world. U ovom clanku autor se bavi Hajdegerovim shvatanjem moderne kao epohe zasnovane na zapadnjackoj metafizici. U prvom delu rada, autor pokazuje da je, prema Hajdegeru, novovekovno shvatanje stvarnosti kao slike sveta sustinski odredjeno Dekartovom filozofijom. Potom izlaze Hajdegerovu interpretaciju preokreta koji se vec dogodio u Platonovoj metafizici a koji je omogucio Dekartovo utemeljenje moderne filozofije i moderne epohe. U drugom delu rada, autor istrazuje Hajdegerovu interpretaciju nauke i tehnike kao izdanke same metafizike. Hajdeger pokazuje da sustina moderne tehnike odgovara sustini modernog subjekta i pokazuje kako se metafizika subjektivnosti konsekventno dovrsava u Niceovoj metafizici volje za moc, kao poslednjoj reci zapadnjacke filozofije. U poslednjem delu rada, autor ukazuje na to da se savremeni procesi globalizacije mogu razumeti upravo kao procesi dovrsavanja metafizike. Oni se mogu prepoznati kao planetarna vladavina sustine tehnike. Na osnovu Hajdegerovog vidjenja prevladavanja metafizike, autor zakljucuje da ono otvara mogucnost za jednu filozofiju konacnosti koja upucuje na dijalog sa Drugim kao nacin resavanja kljucnih prakticnih pitanja savremenosti. (shrink)

O presente texto, de que se dá em seguida a tradução portuguesa, consiste numa selecção da correspondência entre F. W. J Schelling, J. C. F. Hölderlin e G. W. F. Hegel, três colegas e amigos do Stift de Tübingen, três vértices de uma das mais interessantes e importantes unidades teóricas do idealismo alemão e, por conseguinte, três elementos cujos anos de aprendizagem filosófica se revelam hoje essenciais para a boa compreensão da génese da sua época.

O estudo do estado de exceção, paradoxo central da política moderna, é objeto da análise de diferentes vertentes conceituais que envolvem o poder soberano e o seu exercício. Sua prática tem importantes consequências para as Relações Internacionais, como no caso de refugiados, que muitas vezes se encontram à margem do amparo legal estatal por sua singular situação, carentes do exercício da cidadania e liberdade para agirem como agentes políticos transformadores do meio social. Este artigo propõe um delineamento de teorias político-filosóficas (...) sobre o tema, que perpassa o pensamento central de pensadores fundamentais para se entender o poder e a exceção, como Carl Schmitt, Walter Benjamim, Michael Foucault e Giorgio Agamben. Deste modo, faz-se uma reflexão de como os conceitos de poder constituinte, amigo e inimigo, discurso da verdade, contingência, mecânica do poder e vida nua ajudariam a explicar o refugiado e a sua condição limite ante à excepcionalidade no âmbito das Relações Internacionais. Esse desencadeamento teórico tem por objetivo compreender o exercício do poder de exceção usado como tática aplicada para adestrar a vida humana em sociedade, inserindo-o nas definições de biopoder e biopolítica, especialmente quando do exame das circunstâncias envolvendo os refugiados. (shrink)

This article challenges the assumption underlying most education reforms that constructivism is politically neutral and intrinsically democratic. It makes this argument by examining the curriculum reform in Spain during the 1980s and 1990s in light of the neoliberal politics that the country was experiencing at that time. This study employs the poststructuralist analytical lens of governmentality developed by Foucauldian scholars. Accordingly, it claims that, the psychological version of constructivism adopted by the official curriculum reform failed to deliver promises for democracy (...) because it was crafted within the same neoliberal political rationality that redefined the terms of government in the late 1980s, a redefinition that decontextualized the learner from his/her social context and adopted the logic of the market. (shrink)

Ce travail explore la possibilité d’articuler les notions de « multitude », « pouvoir constituant » et « interpellation plébéienne » dans une structure conceptuelle commune laquelle, sans chercher à gommer leurs différences, soit capable de mieux saisir les changements à l’ordre institué provoqués par les mobilisations que plusieurs pays de l’Amérique latine connaissent depuis quelques années.

Within the framework of an interdisciplinary project on epistemic strategies in text and talk, this article examines such strategies in a secondary school textbook on social science. After a summary of current insights into the theory of knowledge in philosophy, psychology and linguistics, it is shown how discourse presupposes and expresses knowledge, with special emphasis on discourse processing and learning from text and its applications in education. The specific aim of this article is to study in some detail how exactly (...) ‘new’ knowledge is formulated in pedagogical discourse, and how ‘old’ knowledge is presupposed in a lesson on migration. We thus are able to describe the categories of, and the functional relations between, old and new knowledge, as discursive manifestations of underlying cognitive strategies of teaching and learning. It was also observed that in textbooks what is purported to be presented as knowledge often has an ideological basis. (shrink)

El artículo muestra cómo en el pensamiento feminista español la oposición teórica fundamental no se produce en torno al debate igualdad/diferencia, sino entre aquellos/as que entienden que la igualdad significa la incorporación a las formas de vida existentes, y aquellas/os que consideran que la igualdad, para realizarse, implica un cambio social más profundo relacionado con los valores. Se puede pensar en la subordinación de las mujeres desde dos perspectivas: la subordinación es consecuencia de que las mujeres no han accedido a (...) las posiciones sociales ocupadas por los hombres en la vida pública, y se puede pensar que la subordinación es consecuencia de una particular sujeción de las mujeres, una particular inclusión en el mundo (incluidas a partir de lo privado, la familia, la sexualidad...). De ahí dos formas de luchar contra la subordinación: incorporándose a lo público y criticar la exclusión. Estos dos modelos han sido utilizados de forma complementaria por el pensamiento feminista en España. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es aportar elementos para construir una compresión de las menores en el sistema de justicia penal que atienda a las discriminaciones específ icas de las que son objeto y que tenga en cuenta los elementos particulares que se dan con relación a las infractoras más jóvenes. En la primera parte del artículo, se indica como la historia ha invisibilizado a las niñas y sus experiencias. El análisis histórico evidencia cómo el control ha constituido un elemento (...) clave en la construcción y percepción de la identidad femenina, particularmente a través de los procesos de socialización de las niñas, cargados de estereotipos y expectativas de lo que se espera de una buena mujer. La segunda parte muestra como la identidad de género atraviesa el sistema de justicia juvenil, que reprodu- ce y amplif ica los sexismos y discriminaciones que las niñas sufren en otros ámbitos. Y por último, se exponen los principales aportes de la criminología feminista, con el fin de comprender la experiencia de las menores en la justicia juvenil. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar que para comprender adecuadamente la violencia de género debemos tomar muy seriamente que dicha violencia de género se nutre también de violencias institucionales, de acciones u omisiones realizadas por el Estado y sus autoridades. En la primera parte del artículo se indica de qué manera los instrumentos internacionales han desarrollado el concepto de violencias institucionales en el ámbito de la violencia contra las mujeres y cómo dicha violencia institucional puede tomar diferentes formas. En (...) la segunda parte del texto, se utilizan dos investigaciones empíricas para mos- trar qué prácticas de violencias institucionales se estarían dando en la aplicación de la ley 1/2004, de medidas de protección integral contra la violencia de género. Se destaca cómo el tratamiento judicial del fenómeno, traspasado por prácticas androcéntricas y estereotipos de género, produce resultados que pueden ser entendidos como violencia institucional: baja tasa de condenas, estereotipos discriminantes en la conceptualización de la violencia de género y atención revictimizante a las mujeres. Para f inalizar, se exponen, partiendo de las propias mujeres, algunas de las experiencias de violencias institucionales en el ámbito del tratamiento penal de la violencia de género. (shrink)

Recientes investigaciones hacen hincapié en el alarmante consumo de pornografía mainstream en la adolescencia La falta de educación sexual en el ámbito académico y familiar, falta de asesoramiento profesional, y la falta de voces críticas con este modelo de sexualidad que se vende a la adolescencia, provoca que acudan a la pornografía de consumo rápido como mecanismo de información y formación sobre sexo, considerando las escenas que narra como modelo para seguirEn esta comunicación plantea como objetivo conocer la realidad del (...) consumo de pornografía en el alumnado universitario del Grado en Trabajo Social de la Universitat de València. (shrink)

I propose to consider the question, "Can machines think?" This should begin with definitions of the meaning of the terms "machine" and "think." The definitions might be framed so as to reflect so far as possible the normal use of the words, but this attitude is dangerous, If the meaning of the words "machine" and "think" are to be found by examining how they are commonly used it is difficult to escape the conclusion that the meaning and the answer to (...) the question, "Can machines think?" is to be sought in a statistical survey such as a Gallup poll. But this is absurd. Instead of attempting such a definition I shall replace the question by another, which is closely related to it and is expressed in relatively unambiguous words. The new form of the problem can be described in terms of a game which we call the 'imitation game." It is played with three people, a man (A), a woman (B), and an interrogator (C) who may be of either sex. The interrogator stays in a room apart front the other two. The object of the game for the interrogator is to determine which of the other two is the man and which is the woman. He knows them by labels X and Y, and at the end of the game he says either "X is A and Y is B" or "X is B and Y is A." The interrogator is allowed to put questions to A and B. We now ask the question, "What will happen when a machine takes the part of A in this game?" Will the interrogator decide wrongly as often when the game is played like this as he does when the game is played between a man and a woman? These questions replace our original, "Can machines think?". (shrink)

This collection addresses a post-WWII shift in the hierarchy of scientific explanations, where the highest goal moves from reductionism towards some ...

For the theorists of crisis, the revolutionary state comes into existence through violence, and due to its inability to provide an authoritative katechon (restrainer) against internal and external violence, it perpetuates violence until it self-destructs. Writing during extreme economic depression and growing social and political violence, the crisis theorists––Joseph de Maistre, Juan Donoso Cortés, and Carl Schmitt––each sought to blame the chaos of their time upon the Janus-faced postrevolutionary ideals of liberalism and socialism by urging a return to pre-revolutionary moral (...) and religious values. They are united by three counterrevolutionary principles, all of which are purported to remedy revolutionary violence: traditional constitutional fidelity, the philosophy of the decision, and opposition to bourgeois liberalism. This essay is followed by the first complete English translation and publication of Donoso’s letter of October 24, 1851, which contains Donoso’s only reference to the “discussing class,” a political entity later popularized by Schmitt in his 1922 work Political Theology. (shrink)

Autor razmatra znacaj interkulturalnog sporazumevanja u epohi globalizacije i ukazuje na ulogu koju Gadamerova hermeneutika igra u ovom kontekstu. Autor prvo izlaze osnovne odlike globalizacije, uzimajuci u obzir Gidensovo shvatanje savremene epohe kao radikalizacije modernosti i Hajdegerovo tumacenje savremenosti kao doba dovrsavanja metafizike kao nihilizma. Autor istice da pitanje o uslovima mogucnosti interkulturalnog sporazumevanja postaje vazno pitanje filozofije u situaciji intenzifikacije medju-kulturalnih susreta. On zatim pokazuje da Gadamerova filozofska hermeneutika, posebno njen pojam delatno-povesne svesti, nudi prihvatljivu osnovu za objasnjenje mogucnosti (...) dijaloga medju kulturama. Kako autor zakljucuje, hermeneutika na taj nacin afirmise znacaj etike konacnosti u savremenom svetu. (shrink)

Autor u ovom clanku zastupa tezu da se Niceova kritika morala zasniva na njegovoj metafizici, u kojoj pojam volje za moc, shvacen u duhu grckog pojma physisa, igra kljucnu ulogu. On pokazuje da je prevrednovanje svih vrednosti kao prevladavanje platonisticko-hriscanskog nihilizma usmereno na afirmaciju?zivota u skladu s prirodom?, pri cemu je priroda shvacena upravo kao physis. On takodje pokazuje zasto je za Nicea neosnovana pretenzija na univerzalnost i objektivnost vladajuceg sistema vrednosti. Na kraju, autor ukazuje na teskoce Niceovog platonizma i (...) zakljucuje da neuspeh modernosti da opravda moral namece zadatak ispitivanja mogucnosti rehabilitacije Aristotelove prakticne filozofije. (shrink)

Autor u ovom clanku zastupa tezu da se Niceova kritika morala zasniva na njegovoj metafizici, u kojoj pojam volje za moc, shvacen u duhu grckog pojma physisa, igra kljucnu ulogu. On pokazuje da je prevrednovanje svih vrednosti kao prevladavanje platonisticko-hriscanskog nihilizma usmereno na afirmaciju?zivota u skladu s prirodom?, pri cemu je priroda shvacena upravo kao physis. On takodje pokazuje zasto je za Nicea neosnovana pretenzija na univerzalnost i objektivnost vladajuceg sistema vrednosti. Na kraju, autor ukazuje na teskoce Niceovog platonizma i (...) zakljucuje da neuspeh modernosti da opravda moral namece zadatak ispitivanja mogucnosti rehabilitacije Aristotelove prakticne filozofije. (shrink)

One of the most influential contemporary philosophers, Hilary Putnam's involvement in philosophy spans philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, ontology and epistemology and logic. This specially commissioned collection discusses his contribution to the realist and pragmatist debate. Hilary Putnam comments on the issues raised in each article, making it invaluable for any scholar of his work.

Context: The majority of contemporary enactivist work is influenced by the philosophical biology of Hans Jonas. Jonas credits all living organisms with experience that involves particular “existential” structures: nascent forms of concern for self-preservation and desire for objects and outcomes that promote well-being. We argue that Jonas’s attitude towards living systems involves a problematic anthropomorphism that threatens to place enactivism at odds with cognitive science, and undermine its legitimate aims to become a new paradigm for scientific investigation and understanding of (...) the mind. Problem: Enactivism needs to address the tension between its Jonasian influences and its aspirations to become a new paradigm for cognitive science. By relying on Jonasian phenomenology, contemporary enactivism obscures alternative ways in which phenomenology can be more smoothly integrated with cognitive science. Method: We outline the historical relationship between enactivism and phenomenology, and explain why anthropomorphism is problematic for a research program that aspires to become a new paradigm for cognitive science. We examine the roots of Jonas’s existential interpretation of biological facts, and describe how and why Jonas himself understood his project as founded on an anthropomorphic assumption that is incompatible with a crucial methodological assumption of scientific enquiry: the prohibition of unexplained natural purposes. We describe the way in which phenomenology can be integrated into Maturana’s autopoietic theory, and use this as an example of how an alternative, non-anthropomorphic science of the biological roots of cognition might proceed. Results: Our analysis reveals a crucial tension between Jonas’s influence on enactivism and enactivism’s paradigmatic aspirations. This suggests the possibility of, and need to investigate, other ways of integrating phenomenology with cognitive science that do not succumb to this tension. Implications: In light of this, enactivists should either eliminate the Jonasian inference from properties of our human experience to properties of the experience of all living organisms, or articulate an alternative conception of scientific enquiry that can tolerate the anthropomorphism this inference entails. The Maturanian view we present in the article’s final section constitutes a possible framework within which enactivist tools and concepts can be used to understand cognition and phenomenology, and that does not involve a problematic anthropomorphism. Constructivist content: Any constructivist approach that aims for integration with current scientific practice must either avoid the type of anthropomorphic inference on which Jonas bases his work, or specify a new conception of scientific enquiry that renders anthropomorphism unproblematic. (shrink)

This book argues that Plato's Charmides presents a unitary but incomplete argument intended to lead its readers to substantive philosophical insights.

This paper explores R. D. Laing's application of existential and phenomenological tradtions, specifically Hegel and Heidegger, to his groundbreaking work with psychotic process as well as psychotherapeutic practice more generally.

The author has found in Sri Aurobindo a unique synthesis of the Eastern Wisdom and Western Rationalism, and a perfect reconciliation of ancient spirituality and modern thought. This work is essentially a collection of essays on Sri Aurobindo's thought and Yoga, based upon his major works. Brief life-sketches of Sri Aurobindo and the Mother are included to give a sense of fullness to it. A sampling of the contents exemplifies the wide sweep covered by the essays: The Philosophy of Life (...) Divine, All Life is Yoga, The Ideal of Human Unity, Education, and Future Poetry and 'Savitri'. (shrink)

This study investigates the effects on organization’s financial performances of, first, the extent to which the organizations are involved in controversial business activities, and second, their level of social performance. These companies can be considered non-socially responsible given the harmful nature of the activities they are involved in. Managers of these companies may still have incentives to pursue socially responsible actions if they believe that engaging on those actions will help them to achieve legitimacy and improve investors’ perception about them. (...) We develop a comprehensive methodology to investigate these corporate social performance (CSP)-related effects in a complex but specific setting. To this end, we analyze a sample of 202 US firms for the period 2005–2008 using a novel method in this area: partial least squares. Our results indicate that, contrary to the general findings in prior literature, companies involved in controversial business activities which engage in CSP do not directly reduce the negative perception that stakeholders have about them. Instead, we found evidence of a positive mediation effect of CSP on financial market-based performance through innovation. (shrink)